Prometheus是源於 Google Borgmon的一個開源監控系統,用 Golang開發。被很多人稱為下一代監控系統。Grafana是一個開源的圖表可視化系統,簡單說圖表配置比較方便、生成的圖表比較漂亮。下面就介紹了利用Prometheus與Grafana對Mysql服務器性能監控的方法。
概述
Prometheus是一個開源的服務監控系統,它通過HTTP協議從遠程的機器收集數據並存儲在本地的時序數據庫上。它提供了一個簡單的網頁界面、一個功能強大的查詢語言以及HTTP接口等等。Prometheus通過安裝在遠程機器上的exporter來收集監控數據,這裡用到了以下兩個exporter:
- node_exporter – 用於機器系統數據
- mysqld_exporter – 用於Mysql服務器數據
Grafana是一個開源的功能豐富的數據可視化平台,通常用於時序數據的可視化。它內置了以下數據源的支持:
並可以通過插件擴展支持的數據源。
架構圖
下面是本次部署的架構圖
安裝並運行Prometheus
1.在 Monitor 上安裝 Prometheus
安裝至/opt/prometheus
$ wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v1.5.2/prometheus-1.5.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf prometheus-1.5.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ mv prometheus-1.5.2.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus |
2.在安裝目下編輯配置文件 prometheus.yml
1 | vim /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml |
# my global config
global: scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute. evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s). # Attach these labels to any time series or alerts when communicating with # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager). external_labels: monitor: ‘codelab-monitor’ # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global ‘evaluation_interval’. rule_files: # – “first.rules” # – “second.rules” # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape: # Here it’s Prometheus itself. scrape_configs: # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config. – job_name: ‘prometheus’ # metrics_path defaults to ‘/metrics’ # scheme defaults to ‘http’. static_configs: – targets: [‘localhost:9090’] # 以下是添加的部分 – job_name: linux static_configs: – targets: [‘172.30.251.214:9100’] labels: instance: db1 – job_name: mysql static_configs: – targets: [‘172.30.251.214:9104’] labels: instance: db1 |
其中:172.30.251.214是MySQL的IP,端口則是對應的exporter的監聽端口。
3.啟動Prometheus
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[loya@centos6 prometheus]$ ./prometheus
INFO[0000] Starting prometheus (version=1.5.2, branch=master, revision=bd1182d29f462c39544f94cc822830e1c64cf55b) source=main.go:75 INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.7.5, user=root@a8af9200f95d, date=20170210-14:41:22) source=main.go:76 INFO[0000] Loading configuration file prometheus.yml source=main.go:248 INFO[0000] Loading series map and head chunks… source=storage.go:373 INFO[0000] 0 series loaded. source=storage.go:378 INFO[0000] Starting target manager… source=targetmanager.go:61 INFO[0000] Listening on :9090 source=web.go:259 |
Prometheus內置了一個web界面,可以通過http://monitor_host:9090進行訪問:
在Status->Targets頁面下,可以看到我們配置的兩個Target,它們的State為DOWN。
4.接下來需要在被監控機器上安裝並運行exporter
下載exporters並解壓:
$ mkdir /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters
$ cd /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters $ wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.14.0-rc.1/node_exporter-0.14.0-rc.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.9.0/mysqld_exporter-0.9.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ tar zxvf node_exporter-0.14.0-rc.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ tar zxvf mysqld_exporter-0.9.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz # 將各自的可執行文件移動到/opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters $ ll /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters total 24464 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12182376 Feb 23 19:01 mysqld_exporter -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12862209 Feb 23 19:01 node_exporter |
運行node_exporter
$ cd /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters
$ ./node_exporter INFO[0000] Starting node_exporter (version=0.14.0-rc.1, branch=master, revision=5a07f4173d97fa0dd307db5bd3c2e6da26a4b16e) source=”node_exporter.go:136″ INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.7.4, user=root@ed143c8f2fcd, date=20170116-16:00:03) source=”node_exporter.go:137″ INFO[0000] No directory specified, see –collector.textfile.directory source=”textfile.go:57″ INFO[0000] Enabled collectors: source=”node_exporter.go:156″ INFO[0000] – entropy source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – loadavg source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – stat source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – diskstats source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – textfile source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – vmstat source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – meminfo source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – filefd source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – filesystem source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – mdadm source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – netdev source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – sockstat source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – time source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – zfs source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – edac source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – hwmon source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – netstat source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – uname source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] – conntrack source=”node_exporter.go:158″ INFO[0000] Listening on :9100 source=”node_exporter.go:176″ |
mysqld_exporter需要連接到MySQL,所以需要MySQL權限,我們為其創建用戶並賦予所需的權限:
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mysql> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT, PROCESS ON *.* TO ‘prom’@’localhost’ identified by ‘abc123’;
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.* TO ‘prom’@’localhost’; |
創建.my.cnf文件並運行mysqld_exporter:
$ cd /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters
$ $ cat << EOF > .my.cnf [client] user=prom password=abc123 EOF $ $ ./mysqld_exporter -config.my-cnf=”.my.cnf” INFO[0000] Starting mysqld_exporter (version=0.9.0, branch=master, revision=8400af20ccdbf6b5e0faa2c925c56c48cd78d70b) source=mysqld_exporter.go:432 INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.6.3, user=root@2c131c66ca20, date=20160926-18:28:09) source=mysqld_exporter.go:433 INFO[0000] Listening on :9104 source=mysqld_exporter.go:451 |
回到Prometheus web界面Status->Targets,可以看到兩個Target的狀態已經變成UP:
安裝和運行Grafana
安裝:
Grafana 的安裝官方文檔比較清晰,這裡不再贅述。
配置:
編輯配置文件/etc/grafana/grafana.ini,修改dashboards.json段落下兩個參數的值:
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[dashboards.json]
enabled = true path = /var/lib/grafana/dashboards |
導入Prometheus Dashboard:
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$ git clone https://github.com/percona/grafana-dashboards.git
$ cp -r grafana-dashboards/dashboards /var/lib/grafana |
啟動:
1 | $ /etc/init.d/grafana-server start |
通過http://monitor_host:3000訪問Grafana Web界面(缺省帳號/密碼為admin/admin)
登錄後,通過Data Sources頁面添加數據源:
然後就可以通過選擇不同的儀錶盤(左上角)和時間段(右上角)來呈現圖表:
System Overview:
MySQL Overview:
總結
以上就是這篇文章的全部內容,希望本文的內容對大家的學習或者工作能帶來一定的幫助,如果有疑問大家可以留言交流.
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